Within a short drive or train ride from Madrid are some of the finest medieval towns in Europe. Toledo is not only the city of El Greco, but once boasted three distinct cultures; the pride of Alcalá de Henares was its great university; Segovia is dominated by a magnificent Roman aqueduct; and the jewel of Aranjuez is its royal palace. Since these towns are crowded with visitors during the holiday season, their rich blends of art and architecture, alleyways and hidden squares are best enjoyed in the evening or in the early morning. Consider staying overnight.